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1.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 80(2): 178-183, jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115833

ABSTRACT

Los quistes nasolabiales son lesiones quísticas poco frecuentes, que se presentan como ocupación de la fosa canina, el ala nasal o el vestíbulo nasal. Usualmente son asintomáticas, pero pueden infectarse. El diagnóstico se realiza con el examen físico y exámenes imagenológicos, como la tomografía computarizada y/o resonancia magnética. El tratamiento consiste en la extirpación quirúrgica completa por abordaje sublabial, o por marsupialización endoscópica transnasal. Se describen dos casos, uno de ellos es una paciente de sexo femenino que presenta deformidad nasal producto del crecimiento progresivo de un quiste nasolabial unilateral, y otro de un paciente de sexo masculino que presenta una celulitis facial severa, con una tomografía computarizada que muestra quistes nasolabiales bilaterales. Los quistes nasolabiales deben ser considerados como parte del diagnóstico diferencial en otorrinolaringología en cuadros de deformidad nasal y aumento de volumen facial.


Nasolabial cysts are a rare developmental cyst, presenting as a fullness of canine fossa, nasal ala or vestibule of the nose. They are usually asymptomatic but may become infected. The diagnostic approach includes physical examination and imaging studies such as computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment is complete surgical excision by sublabial approach, or transnasal endoscopic marsupialization. Here we describe two cases, one female presenting as nasal deformity due to progressive growth of unilateral nasolabial cyst, and a healthy young male presenting severe facial cellulitis, with a computed tomography showing bilateral nasolabial cysts. Nasolabial cyst should be incorporated in the differential diagnosis of nose deformities and facial swelling in otorhinolaryngology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nose Diseases/surgery , Nose Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Cysts/surgery , Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Endoscopy/methods , Nasolabial Fold
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 79(2): 173-178, jun. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1014434

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La otomastoiditis tuberculosa es una presentación extremadamente rara de la forma extrapulmonar de la enfermedad y puede ser difícil llegar a su diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 35 años con otomastoiditis tuberculosa bilateral acompañado de vértigo, hipoacusia mixta bilateral y paresia del nervio facial bilateral, como debut de una tuberculosis. Cultivos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) y prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de otorrea fueron inicialmente negativos. La tomografía computarizada de oídos y resonancia magnética mostraron cambios inflamatorios otomastoídeos bilaterales sin evidencia de erosión ósea ni extensión a partes blandas. Se realizó una mastoidotomía, las muestras del tejido obtenido evidenciaron osteomielitis crónica, bacterias ácido-alcohol resistentes y PCR positiva para MTB. La paciente recibió tratamiento con drogas antituberculosas durante 12 meses logrando una recuperación completa de la otalgia y vértigo, y mejoría parcial de audición y paresia facial. En resumen, los hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos de la otomastoiditis tuberculosa son inespecíficos por lo cual se requiere de un alto índice de sospecha clínica para lograr el diagnóstico adecuado e iniciar el tratamiento de la infección subyacente.


ABSTRACT Tuberculous otomastoiditis is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary disease that can be easily misdiagnosed. We hereby report the case of a previously healthy 35-yearold female with bilateral tuberculous otomastoiditis associated with vertigo, bilateral mixed hearing loss, and bilateral facial nerve palsy as the initial clinical presentation. Repeated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture and molecular testing of otorrhea aspirates were initially negative. High-resolution temporal bone computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed partial opacification of the mastoid air cells without signs of bone erosion. A mastoidotomy was performed with mastoid tissue showing chronic osteomyelitis, positivity in acid-fast staining and MTB PCR. The patient was treated with a 12 month antituberculous treatment, with complete recovery of otalgia and vertigo, and improvement in hearing levels and facial nerve palsy. In summary, clinical and imaging findings for tuberculous otomastoiditis are non-specific, hence a high degree of suspicion is required in order to diagnose and promptly treat the underlying infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Mastoiditis/diagnosis , Otitis Media/etiology , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Mastoiditis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
3.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 23(4): 143-150, dic. 2017. tab, graf, img
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900121

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La presencia de microcalcificaciones en nódulos tiroideos es un signo muy específico de malignidad, al corresponder a cuerpos de Psammoma. No existen suficientes estudios que demuestren una correlación entre su presencia histológica y su aspecto ecográfico real. Materiales y Métodos: Se seleccionaron todos los nódulos con tamaño mayor a 3 cm puncionados en el Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica entre los años 2010-2015 y se clasificó el aspecto ecográfico según la presencia de 3 tipos de focos ecogénicos con una definición más estricta a lo usual. Se correlacionó lo anterior con hallazgos en biopsias. Resultados: 44 nódulos correspondieron a cáncer papilar de tiroides. Hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre una nueva definición ecográfica de las microcalcificaciones (focos ecogénicos puntiformes) y la presencia histológica de cuerpos de psamomma. Discusión: Habría una buena correlación entre una definición más estricta y la presencia real de microcalcificaciones en histología, mejorando la alta tasa de sobrediagnóstico advertido recientemente por algunos autores.


Abstract: The presence of microcalcifications in thyroid nodules is a very specific sign of malignancy, as it corresponds to Psammoma bodies. There are not enough studies that demonstrate a correlation between their histological presence and their actual ultrasound appearance. Materials and Methods: All nodules larger than 3 cm punctured at the Universidad Católica Clinical Hospital between 2010-2015 were selected, and the sonographic appearance was classified according to the presence of 3 types of echogenic foci according to a stricter definition than usual. The above was correlated with findings in biopsies. Results: 44 nodules corresponded to papillary thyroid cancer. There was a statistically significant relationship between a new ultrasound definition of the microcalcifications (punctate echogenic foci) and the histological presence of psamomma bodies. Discussion: There would be a good correlation between a stricter definition and the actual presence of microcalcifications in histology, improving the high rate of over diagnosis recently noticed by some authors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Calcinosis , Thyroid Gland/anatomy & histology , Thyroid Gland/abnormalities , Thyroid Gland/growth & development , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging
4.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 77(1): 51-56, mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845646

ABSTRACT

Los tumores condroides de la laringe son poco frecuentes, y generalmente se ubican en el cartílago cricoides. El tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico, con buen pronóstico general. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 60 años con historia de disfonía. El estudio nasofaringolaringofibroscópico revela una masa laríngea supraglótica. Las imágenes son compatibles con una lesión del cartílago tiroides. La biopsia obtenida por microlaringoscopía directa informa tumor compatible con condroma. Se realiza una resección completa de la masa por abordaje externo, la biopsia corrobora el diagnóstico de tumor condroide de bajo grado. Se describe esta patología mediante revisión bibliográfica.


Chondroid tumors of the larynx are uncommon, and usually located in the cricoid cartilage. Surgery is the treatment of choice, with good prognosis in general. We report the case of a 60-year-old man consulting for dysphonia. The nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed a supraglottic laryngeal mass. The images were compatible with a thyroid cartilage lesion. The biopsy sample obtained by direct microlaryngoscopy was consistent with a condroma. A complete excision of the lesion was performed by external approach and the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a low grade chondroid tumor. We present a review of chondroid tumors of the larynx based on available literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chondroma/diagnosis , Chondroma/surgery , Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroid Cartilage/surgery , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(2): 153-157, abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-745075

ABSTRACT

Background: The radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer can produce severe and frequent salivary symptoms, during the treatment or later. Aim: To analyze the incidence, severity and charactheristics of the salivary signs and symptoms in these patients. Patients and Method: Retrospective and descriptive analisis of 106 patients with confirmed diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer, treated with surgery and radioactive iodine, that completed a telephonic survey for the evaluation of salivary symptoms. Results: 26 (24.52 percent) patients presented with salivary symptoms or signs after the radioactive iodine therapy (mean 5 months). The average doses of I 131 was 128,5 mCi. Xerostomy, pain, xeroftalmy, inflammation, sialoadenitis and dysgeusia, were the most frequent clinical symptoms. Conclusions: After radioactive iodine therapy the salivary symptoms and signs incidence is high. We conclude that the indication for this treatment must be selective, but in accordance with the oncological risk of each patient.


Introducción: El tratamiento con yodo radioactivo en el tratamiento del cáncer diferenciado de tiroides puede originar síntomas alejados de origen salival. Éstos pueden llegar a ser intensos y frecuentes. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia, características e intensidad de dichos síntomas. Material y Método: Revisión retrospectiva y análisis descriptivo de 106 pacientes con diagnóstico definitivo y anatomopatológico de cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, tratados con yodo radioactivo, que contestaron una encuesta telefónica especialmente diseñada para evaluación de patología salival. Resultados: Veintiséis (24,52 por ciento) pacientes presentaron y consultaron por síntomas y/o signos alejados (promedio 5 meses) de la terapia ablativa, de origen salival. La dosis promedio fue de 128,5 mCi de I 131. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron xerostomía, dolor, xeroftalmia, inflamación, sialoadenitis y alteración del gusto. Discusión: La incidencia de signos y síntomas salivales alejados en pacientes tratados con I 131 es alta y justificaría a nuestro juicio su indicación selectiva, de acuerdo a los riesgos de recurrencia tumoral de cada paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Salivary Gland Diseases/epidemiology , Salivary Gland Diseases/etiology , Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Iodine Radioisotopes/adverse effects , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Salivary Glands/radiation effects , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects
6.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(1): 59-62, feb. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705553

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPT1°) es la causa más frecuente de hipercalcemia en la población ambulatoria general. Así mismo, es la indicación más frecuente de cirugía paratiroídea, habitualmente causado por la presencia de un adenoma único, que se asocia a un elevado nivel de paratohormona (PTH). Objetivo: Determinar si existe una relación matemática positiva entre el nivel de PTH preoperatoria y el volumen y peso del adenoma extirpado. Material y Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los resultados de las biopsias y PTH preoperatoria de 71 pacientes evaluables con diagnóstico de HPT1° por adenoma único, mejorados. Resultados: Se obtuvo una correlación matemática positiva, aunque débil, entre peso, volumen y PTH preoperatoria. La correlación matemática fue positiva y fuerte entre peso y volumen. Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva débil entre el peso y volumen y los niveles preoperatorios de PTH. Estos aspectos estudiados son útiles pero especialmente en relación con otros hallazgos pre e intraoperatorios.


Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused mostly by a single adenoma and it is the most frequent cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients. Hyperplasia of the four glands and cancer are the other ethiological diagnosis. It has been postulated that the bigger and heavier an adenoma is the higher the preoperative PTH level. Objective: To evaluate a mathematical relation between adenoma estimated volume and weight and preoperative parathormone level (prPTH). Method: Retrospective analysis of 71 evaluable treated patients biopsies and preoperative PTH level. Results: A mathematical positive and weak correlation between volume, weight and preoperative PTH was obtained. This correlation was positive and strong between volumen and weight. Conclusions: In this group we found a positive and weak mathematical relation between weight, volume and preoperative PTH levels. These aspects alone are useful but only in combination with others for the correct interpretation of pre and intraoperative findings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Parathyroid Glands/pathology , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/blood , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/pathology , Organ Size , Retrospective Studies
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(1): 118-124, ene. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708860

ABSTRACT

Skin necrosis must be considered as a syndrome, because it is a clinical manifestation of different diseases. An early diagnosis is very important to choose the appropriate treatment. Therefore, its causes should be suspected and confirmed quickly. We report eleven patients with skin necrosis seen at our Department, caused by different etiologies: Warfarin-induced skin necrosis, loxoscelism, diabetic microangiopathy, ecthyma gangrenosum, disseminated intravascular coagulation, necrotizing vasculitis, paraneoplastic extensive necrotizing vasculitis, livedoid vasculopathy, necrotizing fasciitis, necrosis secondary to the use of vasoactive drugs and necrosis secondary to the use of cocaine. We also report the results of our literature review on the subject.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Skin Diseases/pathology , Skin/pathology , Necrosis/etiology , Skin Diseases/etiology
8.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 6(4): 140-142, oct.2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-780400

ABSTRACT

Recently, an oncocytic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymphocytic stroma, called Warthin like tumor, has been described. Its evolution is similar to the usual papillary carcinoma. We report a 61 years old female with a multinodular goiter and a predominant nodule in the right lobe. A fine needle aspiration biopsy was compatible with a papillary thyroid carcinoma. A total thyroidectomy was performed and the pathological examination revealed a Warthin tumor of 2.2 cm. The patient was treated posteriorly with radioiodine and after six months of follow up, there is no evidence of disease...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroidectomy , Adenolymphoma/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential
9.
Rev. chil. cir ; 64(6): 560-562, dic. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660015

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland is an extremely rare neoplasm, whose treatment is complex by the possible consequences that may occur due to its location. Material and Methods: We report a case of a 54 year old patient with a left parotid tumor without facial nerve dysfunction. The imaging study reports the presence of a left parotid tumor of 2.3 cm, without lymphadenopathy. Results: We performed a left partial parotidectomy whose final pathological diagnosis was a sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland.


Introducción: El carcinoma sebáceo de la glándula parótida es una neoplasia extremadamente infrecuente, cuyo manejo es complejo por las posibles secuelas que pueden suceder dada su localización. Material y Método: Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 54 años con un tumor parotídeo izquierdo de larga data sin compromiso de la función del VII par. Resultados: El estudio por imágenes informó la presencia de un tumor parotídeo izquierdo de 2,2 cm, sin linfoadenopatías regionales. Se realizó una parotidectomía parcial izquierda cuyo diagnóstico patológico definitivo fue un carcinoma sebáceo de glándula parótida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous/surgery , Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous/diagnosis , Parotid Neoplasms/surgery , Parotid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/surgery , Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
10.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 28(3): 300-304, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768973

ABSTRACT

Las glándulas de Blandin-Nuhn son un grupo de pequeñas glándulas salivales mucoserosas, ubicadas en el espesor de los haces musculares de la zona anterior de la cara ventral de la lengua. Los mucoceles de las glándulas de Blandin-Nuhn son poco frecuentes. Se revisa la literatura y se presentan dos casos de mucocele de las glándulas de Blandin-Nuhn, ambos casos eran lesiones exofíticas, indoloras, una de ellas asociada a trauma. Los mucoceles de las glándulas salivales linguales anteriores deben ser resecados hasta el plano muscular para evitar la recidiva. Como esta lesión puede ser confundida con otras patologías, se recomienda su estudio histopatológico para evitar diagnósticos errados.


The Blandin-Nuhn glands are a small group of mucous serous salivary glands, located in the thickness of the muscle bundles of the anterior ventral side of the tongue. Mucocele of the glands of Blandin-Nuhn has been reported as unusual. We review the literature and present two cases of mucocele of the glands of Blandin-Nuhn, both cases were exophytic lesions, painless, one associated with trauma. Mucoceles of the salivary glands should be resected up to the muscular plane to avoid recurrence. Because this lesion may be confused with other diseases, it is recommended an histopathological exam to avoid misdiagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Tongue Diseases/pathology , Salivary Gland Diseases/pathology , Salivary Glands, Minor/pathology , Mucocele/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Tongue Diseases/diagnosis , Tongue Diseases/therapy , Salivary Gland Diseases/diagnosis , Salivary Gland Diseases/therapy , Mucocele/diagnosis , Mucocele/therapy
11.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 3(3): 202-207, jul. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-610322

ABSTRACT

Fine needle thyroid biopsy is a safe and cost effective diagnostic method for thyroid nodules. Its use has reduced the number of unnecessary thyroidectomies, performed to excise thyroid nodules. Since it is an invasive diagnostic method, its indications should be specified according to ultrasonographic criteria. The massive use of fine needle biopsies increase the number of unsatisfactory samples and indeterminate results. Although it is possible to obtain biopsies from exceedingly small nodules, the clinical significance of these small carcinomas is not yet defined. Ultrasonography, mmunohistochemical markers such as citokeratin, 19, HBME-1, galectin 3) and genetic determinants such as oncogene RET/PTC, 1, 2, 3, RAS oncogene and BRAF V600E mutation along with clinical follow up, will readily identify those patients that are benefited with fine needle biopsies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Thyroid Nodule/pathology , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Gland , Biomarkers , Thyroid Nodule/blood , Thyroid Nodule , Ultrasonography, Interventional
12.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 24(3): 206-210, 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523666

ABSTRACT

Estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales han confirmado el rol del Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) en la patogénesis del cáncer de piel no melanoma (CCNM) en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, con epidermodisplasia verruciforme (EV) y en pacientes trasplantados. El rol que juega este virus en pacientes inmunocompetentes está aún por ser demostrado. Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de VPH mucosos y EV relacionados en tumores cutáneos no melanoma, queratosis actínicas y en piel sana de pacientes inmunocompetentes.Material y Métodos: Se analizaron 19 biopsias de tumores de 18 pacientes con carcinomas basocelulares, 10 biopsias de 4 pacientes con carcinomas espinocelulares, 4 biopsias de 3 pacientes con queratosis actínicas; y 33 biopsias de piel perilesional de nevos extirpados de 33 sujetos control. Todas estas muestras fueron analizadas mediante PCR usando primers estandarizados para la búsqueda de VPH mucosos (partidores GP5+/GP6+) y EV-VPH (partidores CP65-CP70 y CP66-CP69). Resultados: No se detectaron VPH mucosos ni EV relacionados en ninguna de las muestras analizadas.Discusión: Las biopsias de los pacientes inmunocompetentes no se asociaron a una infección detectable por VPH. Este estudio no apoya la asociación en nuestra población entre la infección por VPH y el desarrollo de cáncer de piel no melanoma en sujetos inmunocompetentes.


Epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in immunosuppressed patients, in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), and in recipients of organ transplant. The role of this virus has not yet been demonstrated in immunocompetent patients. Objectives: To determine the presence of mucosal HPV and EV-HPV in non-melanoma cutaneous tumors, actinic keratosis and healthy skin in immunocompetent patients.Methods: 19 tumor biopsies (fresh frozen tissue) from 18 patients with basal cell carcinoma, 10 biopsies from 4 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 biopsies from 3 patients with actinic keratosis, as well as 33 biopsies of perilesional skin from nevi from 33 control subjects. All samples were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using standardized consensus primers for the detection of mucosal HPV (GP5+/GP6+) and EV-HPV (CP65-CP70 and CP66-CP69). Results: Mucosal HPV and EV- HPV were not detected in any of the biopsies of the study patients, despite external positive controls and excellent DNA quality.Conclusions: The biopsies of the immunocompetent patients were not associated with a detectable HPV infection. Our data do not support the role of HPV as an etiologic factor in NMSC in immunocompetent patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/virology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology , Skin Neoplasms/virology , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Biopsy , Case-Control Studies , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Genotype , Immunocompetence , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Papillomaviridae/genetics
13.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 14(2): 62-67, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-517430

ABSTRACT

Background. Giant cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon primary bone neoplasm in pediatric patients. Plain radiograph of the affected area is the first diagnostic approach in most cases. Objective. To show radiographic features that could allow the radiologist to suspect the diagnosis of GCT through plain radiological study. Methods. Records from the National Bone Tumor File between 1959 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-nine cases of patients under 20 years with biopsy proven diagnosis of GCT were found. The radiological study was available in 14 cases. Results. From a total of 29 patients, 83 percent were females and 17 percent males. Age ranged from 7 to 19 years, with an average of 16.3 years. In cases with radiological study, 93 percent of them presented epiphyseal involvement of long bones. Osteolytic lesions with metaphyseal extension were the most frequent radiological pattern. One case showed malignancy with metastases. Conclusions. GCT is regarded as an infrequent occurrence in pediatric patients and its diagnosis can be suspected based on plain radiographic findings.


El tumor de células gigantes es un tumor óseo primario, poco frecuente en población pediátrica. En la mayoría de los casos, la radiografía simple es la primera aproximación diagnóstica, por lo que nuestro objetivo es mostrar las características radiológicas que permiten sospechar el diagnóstico del tumor de células gigantes en el estudio radiológico simple. Se analizó retrospectivamente los datos del Registro Nacional de Tumores Óseos, entre los años 1959 y 1999, encontrando 29 casos de tumor de células gigantes histológicamente confirmados en menores de 20 años; en 14 se dispuso de estudio radiológico. El 83 por ciento (24/29) correspondió a mujeres y 17 por ciento (5/29) a hombres, con edades entre 7 y 19 años (promedio = 16.3 años). Radiológicamente, el 93 por ciento mostró compromiso epifisiario de huesos largos y el patrón más frecuente fue osteolítico con extensión metafisiaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Bone Neoplasms , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/pathology
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(11): 1414-1420, nov. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-472840

ABSTRACT

Background: Carotid body tumors arise from a cellular conglomerate located at the carotid bifurcation. Progressive enlargement can involve the arterial wall and neighbor cranial nerves. Aim: To report a series of 10 patients treated of carotid body tumors and review national experience. Patients and methods: Between 1984 and 2006, we operated 8 women and 2 men, aged 19 to 75 years, with this type of tumor. Results: The most common cause for consultation was a cervical mass in 90 percent, with a mean evolution lapse of 13.2 months (range 3 to 126). In all cases, diagnosis was confirmed with angiographic imaging and histopathology. Ten tumors were surgically removed with no complications. Eighty percent of tumors were in stage II according to Shamblin classification. During long term follow up all patients have remained asymptomatic. Only 31 carotid body tumors have been reported in Chilean medical literature during a 43 year period. Conclusions: Paragangliomas of the carotid body can be diagnosed in clinical grounds, requiring vascular imaging. These infrequent lesions are generally benign, early surgical removal by surgeons with vascular expertise avoids neurological and or vascular complications.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carotid Body Tumor , Paraganglioma , Carotid Body Tumor/diagnosis , Carotid Body Tumor/pathology , Carotid Body Tumor/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Paraganglioma/diagnosis , Paraganglioma/pathology , Paraganglioma/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(4): 506-511, abr. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-456663

ABSTRACT

Thyroid carcinoma is the most prevalent endocrine tumor, and the papillary carcinoma (PC) is the most common histological type. In the follow-up, after thyroidectomy serum thyroglobulin (s-Tg) is used as a marker to evaluate recurrence of thyroid carcinoma. In most cases, this parameter allows an adequate diagnosis, but occasionally s-Tg may miss the detection of a recurrence. We report a 57 year-old female and a 36 year-old male sujected to a total thyroidectomy for a papillary thyroid carcinoma with intermediate and high-risk of recurrence. Both had a cervical recurrence without a concomitant increase in s-Tg levels. In both, Tg staining was positive in the tumor cells. These cases confirm that in these patients, the follow-up must be done with measurement of s-Tg and complementary diagnostic tests.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary/blood , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood , Thyroglobulin/blood , Thyroid Neoplasms/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
16.
Rev. chil. cir ; 59(1): 61-65, feb. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-445271

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones arteriovenosas del páncreas (MAVP) son poco frecuentes y generalmente asintomáticas, por lo que existen escasos reportes en la literatura. Se pueden complicar con sangrado, dolor o hipertensión portal. El diagnóstico preciso se logra con la angiografía, que también puede ser usada como terapia inicial. El tratamiento definitivo es la cirugía. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 35 años que consultó por dolor epigástrico intenso con escasa respuesta a analgésicos. El estudio con tomografía computada, resonancia y angiografía de abdomen mostró una MAVP. Se le realizó una pancreatoduodenectomía con desaparición de los síntomas en forma completa.


Pancreatic arteriovenous malformations are uncommon and generally asymptomatic. Their complications can be bleeding, pain or portal hypertension. Angiography gives the definitive diagnosis and also can be used as the initial treatment. Surgery is the definitive treatment. We report a 35 years old with epigastric pain. Abdominal CAT scan, magnetic resonance and angiography showed a pancreatic arteriovenous malformation. He was subjected to a pancreatoduodenectomy with complete resolution of symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Pancreas/blood supply , Arteriovenous Malformations/pathology , Pancreaticoduodenectomy , Pancreas/surgery
17.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 13(4): 185-190, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-512399

ABSTRACT

Introduction: A chondroblastoma is a rare, usually benign, tumor of bone that accounts for approximately 1 percent of all bone tumors, which mainly affects the growing skeleton. Local pain is the most common presenting symptom, and for some patients it implies functional involvement due to its periarticular site. Chondroblastoma most commonly affects the epiphysis of long bones, specially occuring on the lower extremities. Usually, radiography is the first diagnostic imaging technique to be performed and its relatively characteristic findings may cause alarm or lead to misdiagnosis. Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are complementary studies that best show the lesion, its extension, and soft tissue involvement. Objectives: To present the most frequent manifestations of chondroblastoma in radiographies, establishing the anatomoradiological correlation of lesions. Material and Methods: Thirty-six patients with histologically proven chondroblastoma, who were registered in the National Register of Bone Tumors, between 1959 and 2004, were retrospectively investigated under clinical and radiological viewpoints. Results: Thirty-six patients (26 male, 10 female) whose ages ranged from 5 to 19 years (mean age 14.5 years) were studied. In all cases, biopsy results confirmed the diagnosis of chondroblastoma. Bone lesions were sited as follows: long bones of lower extremities in 22 patients; long bones of upper extremities, 8 cases; feet bones, 3 patients; pelvis, 3 cases, and rib cage in 1 case. Lesions, which were unique in all cases and involved epiphyseal region, were predominantly osteolytic in 30 patients. Metaphyseal extension was found in 28 patients. Eccentric bone lesions were seen in 27 cases, while calcifications were present in 18 patients and 9 cases were found to have soft tissue extensions. Conclusions: Benign epiphyseal chondroblastoma is an unusual bone lesion occuring in young patients, with well-characterized and constant...


Introducción: El condroblastoma es una lesión ósea benigna poco frecuente (1 por ciento - 4.7 por ciento de los tumores óseos primarios), que afecta principalmente al esqueleto en crecimiento. Se manifiesta por dolor local de larga evolución y en algunos pacientes, compromiso funcional por su localización periarticular. Tiene predilección por las epífisis de los huesos largos o su equivalente epifisiarío, especialmente en extremidades inferiores. La radiografía simple es generalmente el primer examen y los hallazgos son relativamente característicos, pudiendo alarmar e inducir a error. Tomografía computada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM) son complementarias y muestran mejor la lesión, extensión dentro del hueso y compromiso de partes blandas. Objetivos: Mostrarlas manifestaciones más frecuentes del condroblastoma en radiografías, estableciendo correlación anátomo-radiológica de las lesiones. Material y Métodos. Se analizaron retrospectivamente las características clínicas y radiológicas de 36 pacientes con condroblastoma confirmado por histología, incluidos en Registro Nacional de Tumores Óseos (RENATO), entre los años 1959 y 2004. Resultados. Se estudiaron 36 pacientes, 26 varones y 10 niñas, de 5 a 19 años (promedio = 14.5 años). Biopsia compatible con condroblastoma en todos los pacientes y su localización: huesos largos de extremidades inferiores(22), huesos largos de extremidades superiores(8), huesos del pie(3), pelvis(3) y parrilla costal(1). Las lesiones fueron únicas en todos los casos, predominantemente osteolíticas(30). La totalidad comprometía la epífisis; se observó extensión hacia la metáfisis(28), lesión ósea excéntrica(27), calcificaciones(W) y extensión hacia partes blandas(9). Conclusión. El condroblastoma epifisiario benigno es una lesión poco frecuente, de pacientes jóvenes, con manifestaciones radiológicas relativamente constantes y características, lo que puede permitir al radiólogo sospechar el diagnóstico en la radiografía simple ini...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Chondroblastoma/pathology , Chondroblastoma , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Bone Neoplasms , Retrospective Studies
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(11): 1305-1310, nov. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419933

ABSTRACT

Background: Thyroid microcarcinoma is a tumor of 10 mm or less, that should have a low risk of mortality. However, a subgroup of these carcinomas is as aggressive as bigger tumors. Aim: To describe the pathological presentation of these tumors, and compare them with larger tumors. Material and methods: All pathological samples of thyroid carcinoma that were obtained between 1992 and 2003, were studied. In all biopsies, the pathological type, tumor size, the focal or multifocal character, the presence of lymph node involvement and the presence of lymphocytic thyroiditis or thyroid hyperplasia, were recorded. Results: One hundred eighteen microcarcinomas and 284 larger tumors were studied. The mean age of patients with microcarcinoma and larger tumors was 42.7±14 and 49.3±16 years respectively (p <0,001) and 83% were female, without gender differences between tumor types. Mean size of microcarcinomas was 8.6 mm and 116 (98%) were papillary carcinomas. Of these, 109 (94%) were well differentiated and seven (6%) were moderately differentiated. Thirty six (31%) were multifocal and in 10 (8,6%), there was lymph node involvement. The mean size of larger tumors was 23.8 mm and 241 (85%) were papillary carcinomas. Of these, 200 (83%) were well differentiated, and 41 (17%) were moderately differentiated. Eighty five (35%) were multifocal and in 44 (18%) there was lymph node involvement. The prevalence of thyroiditis and hyperplasia was significantly higher among microcarcinomas than in larger tumors (15 and 2.5%, respectively, p <0.001, for the former; 32.4 and 1.7%, respectively, p <0.001, for the latter). Conclusions: In this series, one third of microcarcinomas were multifocal and 10% had lymph node involvement. Therefore, the aggressiveness of these tumors is higher than what is reported in the literature and they should be treated with total thyroidectomy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(3): 323-326, mar. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-404889

ABSTRACT

The treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma of less than 10 mm diameter is a matter of controversy. The incidental finding of papillary microcarcinomas in autopsies is frequent and some authors postulate that these tumors are biologically inactive and should only be observed. We report a 21 years old woman with a papillary thyroid cancer of 6x5x5 mm and bilateral paratracheal metastases, that was subjected to a total thyroidectomy. She received 200 mCi of radioiodine. Two years after surgery, a new nodule of 9.6 mm diameter was detected by ultrasound, that was treated with a new dose of 200 mCi of radioiodine. One year later a suprasternal mass of 2 cm diameter and 3 enlarged lymph nodes were detected. She was subjected to a surgical lymph node dissection of the neck and the biopsy confirmed the presence of cancer. She received a new dose of 300 mCi of radioiodine. The mother of the patient had a 7 mm thyroid nodule that was also a papillary carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Thyroid Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Lymphatic Metastasis , Thyroidectomy
20.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 11(3): 116-121, 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-449911

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (HCL) es una patología poco frecuente, con diferentes manifestaciones radio-lógicas. Su causa es desconocida y se caracteriza por una proliferación de las células de Langerhans. Sus manifestaciones varían desde lesiones óseas aisladas hasta el compromiso sistémico. Muchas veces el primer estudio diagnóstico corresponde a la radiografía simple de la zona afectada y sus hallazgos pueden ser difíciles de interpretar. El diagnóstico diferencial debe incluir fundamen-talmente osteomielitis, sarcoma de Ewing y linfoma. Objetivos: Mostrar las manifestaciones radiológicas de la HCL, que permiten al radiólogo sospechar el diagnóstico. Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de las manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas en los casos de HCL confirmados con histología, que forman parte del Registro Nacional de Tumores Oseos (RENATO) y que fueron incorporados a éste entre los años 1959 y 1999. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 59 pacientes, 34 (58 por ciento) varones y 25 (42 por ciento) niñas en quienes el estudio histológico fue compatible con el diagnóstico de HCL. El rango de edad varió desde 0.8 hasta 17 años (promedio 6.1 años). Se tuvo acceso a las historias clínicas en 56 de los casos. El tiempo promedio de duración de los síntomas fue de 5,5 meses, y el motivo de consulta más frecuente fue dolor del sitio afectado (n= 50). Del total, 48 (81 por ciento) presentaron lesión ósea única y 11 (19 por ciento) dos o más lesiones. En 35 pacientes hubo compromiso de huesos largos y en 26, del esqueleto axial. El patrón radiológico predominante fue el de una lesión osteolítica pura (45 pacientes). En 13 pacientes se observó un patrón permeativo y 3 se presentaron con una vértebra plana. En 30 había reacción perióstica y 29 tenían aumento de volumen de las partes blandas vecinas. Conclusiones: El patrón de presentación radiológica de la HCL es variado, sin embargo su diagnóstico debe ser sospechado por el médico rad...


Subject(s)
Male , Adolescent , Humans , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Bone Diseases/etiology , Bone Diseases , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/complications , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell , Clinical Evolution , Diagnosis, Differential , Eosinophilic Granuloma , Retrospective Studies , Signs and Symptoms
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